The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has recognized traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a chronic health condition. TBI has been added to CMS’ list of chronic conditions for chronic special needs plans (C-SNPs) through its Medicare Advantage program, effective for the January 2025 plan year.

The addition of TBI to the list of chronic conditions was included in a final rule published by CMS in the June 2024 Federal Register, which will become effective on January 1, 2025. Obtaining official recognition of TBI as a chronic condition from CMS is a significant step forward and provides validation that brain injury should be more broadly recognized as a chronic condition.

In March 2024, the Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA) published a position paper requesting CMS, along with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to designate brain injury as a chronic condition. Formal recognition, the paper states, has the potential to provide several advantages for people with brain injury, including the allocation of additional public health resources to focus on the lifelong effects of brain injury as well as health insurance plans, primarily Medicare and Medicaid, providing additional benefits and other supports as they do for other chronic health conditions. The greatest benefit, however, would be an increase in public awareness of the long-term effects of brain injury that affect the estimated 5 million Americans with a brain injury-related disability.

BIAA will be hosting a live Question and Answer (Q&A) session in the near future to discuss these changes and future tools and resources to assist survivors and their loved ones advocate for further expanding coverage.